FORUM Magazine Spring 2004

FORUM Magazine Spring 2004

Unfinished Journey
After 50 Years of striving, the destination is still unclear
By Darryl Paulson
Prior to the Civil War, most southern states, including Florida, passed laws prohibiting blacks from congregating except for two purposes–work and church. Education for blacks was illegal. Sen. James Vardaman (D-Miss.) expressed the prevailing sentiment of white southerners by saying, "Why squander money on his education when the only effect is to spoil a good field hand and make an insolent cook?"
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Table of Contents

Favorite Florida Places
Mosquito Lagoon
By Bill Belleville

The Dream Becomes a 'Hollow Hope'
Integration didn't change many hearts
By Bill Maxwell

Out in Front
Trailblazers in the struggle to desegregate Florida schools remember the personal costs and public gains
By Pamela Greiner Leavy and Monica Rowland

Putting it in Black and White
A moonlighting Gainesville professor takes on Jim Crow
By Barbara O'Reilley

Taking the Road to Freedom
Activists ride buses to test desegregation
By Raymond Arsenault

Behind the Sunny Façade
Miami was a key civil rights arena
By Raymond A. Mohl